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University of Jewish Studies
Heidelberg
Jewish Civilizations
Subjects: Jewish Studies
M.A. | Master of Arts
Course description
Arnold J. Toynbee, the British historian, identified 23 civilizations in his extensive work, *A Study of History*. Among these, he included well-known examples like the Egyptian, Hellenistic, and Iranian civilizations, as well as more unique ones such as the Bible-soaked Byzantine and Russian Orthodoxy. In 1934, Toynbee controversially described the Jews as an “extinct society which only survives as a fossil,” sparking significant backlash. Holocaust theologian R. Eliezer Berkovits challenged this view, questioning, “Judaism – fossil or ferment?” It's undeniable that Jews have played and continue to play the role of a “creative minority” in many urban civilizations. In the same year, American rabbi Mordechai Menachem Kaplan published his major work, *Judaism as a Civilization*. Kaplan argued that Judaism is more than just a religion; it is a civilization that evolves within the context of other civilizations. Shmuel N. Eisenstadt's sociological study, *Jewish Civilization - The Jewish Historical Experience in a Comparative Perspective* (1992), also supports the idea of Jewish civilizations in the plural. Beyond a core essence, Jewish civilizations exhibit a
Program Information
Study Location | Heidelberg |
Start Semester | Summer, Winter |
Study Form | Full-time |
Study Type | Postgraduate |
Teaching Language | English |
Dual | No |
Remote | No |
Application Fee non-EU | No information |
Study Length | 4 Semesters |
Tuition Fees per Semester | 1,500 EUR |
Cost per Semester | 0 EUR |
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Application Requirements
Application Process
Acceptance Interview | No |
Acceptance local admission restrictions | Not restricted |
Application | directly at the University |
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